Middle Managers Feel the Least Psychological Safety at Work

When it comes to workplace candor, most leaders focus on helping frontline employees feel safe to speak up—the concept Harvard Business School professor Amy Edmondson popularized as team psychological safety. The phrase refers to the belief that you won’t be punished or humiliated for admitting a mistake or raising a concern, and over the past quarter century, it’s become a staple of leadership playbooks and organizational culture initiatives.